雅思写作对于很多人来说是一大难题，期间曾有同学问过“老师，地图题该怎么破?”本次环球教育老师就来讨论一下雅思考试中地图题的写作。
首先，知己知彼百战不殆。写作前我们要对地图题有个基本了解。按照描写顺序不同，地图题分为地理变迁图和地理选址图，而其中最主流的类型就是地理变迁图。
地理变迁图，如名字所言，就是研究同一个地点在不同时间阶段里面的变化。
不同时间的变化?大家有没有觉得很耳熟?
没错，地图题也可以理解为是一种动态图：随着时间顺序来描写变化。这样的话，审题过程其实就与动态图是一致的。接下来我们用动态图的三要素来分析一下地图题。
1. 时态 + 语态
由于地图是描述变化，即这些变化大多数是过去发生的，那么时态就应该是一般过去时和现在完成时。当然在极少数情况下(途中出现虚线表示预测)我们会用到一般现在时表预测。而由于大多数这些变化的动作发出者都是未知的，所以用被动语态就成立刻王道了。转换成具体例子，就得到了这样的句子：
①This place was used as a reading room.
②The woods and farmlands have been removed and replaced by schools.
③A wetland for wild birds is planned to be built in the next two years.
注意：预测性表达包括以下三种方式
A.动词被动形式
Be likely to=be planned to =be anticipated to =be projected to =be predicted to= be forecasted to…
B.名词性从句
It is likely that=It is estimated that= It is anticipated that =It is projected that…
C.动词ing形式充当定语修饰名词
The projecting figure= The expecting number…
2. 基本句型
其实上一个例子中我们已经或多或少看到了写作句型，那么究竟有多少基本句型是我们在考试前需要掌握的呢??总共有两种：空间顺序和变化表达
①空间顺序
空间顺序其实就是方位信息，在地图题中就是"点"与"线"的关系
以下句举例：
The residential area was located in / situated at the north of the village.
注意其中高光的信息，绿色表达的是位置，而红色的介词则是具体的方位体现，而方位则是用东南西北来表达。总结一下，也就是在描写"点"的时候将目标对象的具体位置用正确的介词表示东南西北。那么只要积累这部分单词和词组即可。
注意：介词in表示在区域内部，at表示内部接壤，而to则表示在外部且二者不接壤。
接下来我们看"线"。
所谓的"线"其实就是道路这样的存在，而道路一般就是连接，相交与平行。
例句如下：
This residential area was connected to the schools by a newly built road.
A road was built to link the residential area to the schools.
A road was built,paralleling with the east-bound railway.
A road was built,forming an intersection with the east-bound railway.
A is adjacent to/ near /next to/ just off the road
A is on the opposite side of B
A is opposite to B.
②变化表达
地图中的变化其实不外乎是建筑物的有无，大小和弯直
A.从无到有
A newly-built road
A new car park was built/established/set up/constructed/completed
A new theater has been added to the library
The size of the library has beenenlarged/extended/broadened/expanded/halved/reduced /diminished (by half)
B.从有到无
The farms completely disappeared/were removed.
A becomes B
Ais transformed/reconstructed/redeveloped/converted/changed/turned over to/ intoB
A is replaced /substituted by B = A gives way to B
C.大VS小，弯VS直
The number of homes has increased/risen/grown/reduced /decreased/dropped/fallen/doubled/ tripled/ quadrupled to 500.
The railway has been straightened since then.
3. 逻辑连 接
在地图题中所谓的逻辑连接也就是动态图中逻辑连接，也就是时间变化。 包括时间点，时间段;转化成写作内容其实就是介词的转换以及顺序表达。
如：In 1988
From 1980 to 1997
By 1988
Until 1988
To begin with, another, also,
When, before/ after, then, and then, followed by, next
光讲理论可能大家觉得太抽象，那么我们就来实践一下地图题的写作。
